Sunday, 8 December 2013

Polio emergency in Syrian Arab Republic


Since October 2013 seventeen cases of polio have been recorded in war-torn Syria, a country which did not record polio for over a decade. Attempts are made to vaccinate all children under the age of 5 years, not only in Syria (1.6 million) but also in its neighbouring countries (estimated to be 23 million).  All countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region declared the escalating polio situation to be an emergency for the entire Region. The WHO is working with UNICEF, other UN agencies, the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, international and national NGOs, and other local and international groups providing humanitarian assistance to Syrians affected by the conflict to ensure that all children are vaccinated, no matter where they live. It is anticipated that outbreak response activities will need to continue for 6 to 8 months, depending on the area and based on the evolving epidemiology.

Image: WHO

Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. One in 200 infections can lead to irreversible paralysis and among those paralysed, 5% to 10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized. In 2013, only three countries (Afganistan, Nigeria and Pakistan) remain polio-endemic. However, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has been proven effective as an almost 40% reduction in cases in these countries were seen compared to 2012.

Currently, there is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented. The polio vaccine, given multiple times, can protect a child for life.

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